Botox for Forehead Lines New Westminster

Botox for Forehead Lines New Westminster

Botox and beauty goals

The forehead is one of the most popular spots. Anticipation builds as you get ready for your Botox session at Manhas Health Co., marking the first step towards achieving your desired aesthetic goals. Our team has worked tirelessly to develop these offerings, ensuring they meet the high standards our clients have come to expect from us. Afterward, there's no downtime, meaning you can return to your daily activities immediately. New Westminster beauty clinics At Manhas Health Co., we're dedicated to providing our clients with the highest level of care and expertise in cosmetic Botox treatments. Learn more about Botox for Forehead Lines New Westminster here
From the moment you step into our clinic, we're dedicated to making you feel completely at ease. One client mentioned, “After my first session at Manhas Health Co., I noticed a significant reduction in my forehead lines. Learn more about Manhas Health Co. here. This preventative measure can be particularly effective in areas where expression lines commonly form, such as around the eyes, forehead, and mouth. I feel more confident and vibrant.' Her story is one of many where clients see real, tangible results that boost their self-esteem and overall happiness.
For anyone curious about the transformative potential of Botox and how it could redefine their approach to aging gracefully, the insights from real client testimonials and an in-depth look into the consultation process at Manhas Health Co. might just be the guidance needed to take the next step. Read more about Botox for Forehead Lines New Westminster here At Manhas Health Co., we've established ourselves as Botox for Forehead Lines New Westminster's go-to clinic for cosmetic Botox, championing both safety and efficacy in our treatments. Following the initial consultation, we craft a personalized treatment plan that directly addresses your specific beauty goals and health considerations. Moreover, we understand that every individual's needs are unique.
We believe in transparency and making sure you're fully informed and comfortable with your decisions. The entire process typically takes less than 30 minutes, making it a perfect lunchtime treatment. That's why we focus on a natural, refreshed appearance, tailoring each treatment to your unique facial structure and aesthetic goals. This precaution prevents the Botox from spreading to unintended muscles.

This ensures we're on the same page and can tailor the treatment to your specific needs.

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Embracing Botox as a preventative measure can be a smart part of a comprehensive skincare regimen. Our clients' happiness is our top priority, and we're thrilled to see such positive feedback. At Manhas Health Co., we're committed to ensuring that your cosmetic Botox experience not only meets but also exceeds your expectations.

To schedule your personalized Botox consultation, simply reach out to our clinic's reception. In our quest for eternal youth, Manhas Health Co.

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has gently paved the way for those seeking to soften the hands of time in Botox for Forehead Lines New Westminster through their expert cosmetic Botox solutions. If you have any questions or need to reschedule, don't hesitate to reach out.

Our practitioners are highly trained and experienced, focusing on precise application to maximize benefits while minimizing side effects. By choosing Manhas Health Co for your Botox treatments, you're not just getting a service; you're receiving a customized care plan designed with your unique beauty in mind. Our consultation process begins with a personalized assessment to understand your unique cosmetic goals and health history.

This means you're always getting the best, most innovative care available. It's a reminder that the magic of Botox isn't just in the visible results but in the renewed confidence it instills. With our personalized consultation process, we ensure that each treatment plan is tailored to meet the unique needs and goals of our clients.

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The entrance to the Fraser is very striking—Extending miles to the right & left are low marsh lands (apparently of very rich qualities) & yet fr [sic] the Background of Superb Mountains—Swiss in outline, dark in woods, grandly towering into the clouds there is a sublimity that deeply impresses you. Everything is large and magnificent, worthy of the entrance to the Queen of England's dominions on the Pacific mainland. My imagination converted the silent marshes into Cuyp-like pictures of horses and cattle lazily fattening in rich meadows in a glowing sunset. The water of the deep clear Frazer was of a glassy stillness, not a ripple before us, except when a fish rose to the surface or broods of wild ducks fluttered away.

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Nearby Tourist Attractions

Keswick Park

Tourist attraction, Park
Keswick Park, 9452 Cardston Ct, Burnaby, BC V3N 4R6
Suburban park with a playground, tennis & basketball courts, picnic tables & an open field.

Irving House

Tourist attraction, Museum
Irving House, 302 Royal Ave, New Westminster, BC V3L 1H7
14 rooms are furnished in the original colonial style at this former home of Captain William Irving.

Westminster Pier Park

Tourist attraction, Park
Westminster Pier Park, 1 6th St, New Westminster, BC V3M 6Z6
Waterfront park with a playground & sports facilities, plus a boardwalk for fitness & scenic views.

Citations and other links

Affordable Botox Providers Botox for Forehead Lines New Westminster

After receiving Botox treatments at Manhas Health Co., it's crucial to follow a tailored skincare regimen to ensure optimal results and skin health. These results can last anywhere from three to six months, depending on individual factors like metabolism and the area treated. We've made the process as simple and hassle-free as possible, ensuring you're on your way to a fresher, more youthful look without any stress. Choosing Manhas Health Co means opting for excellence, care, and unmatched professionalism.

It blocks the nerve signals to the muscles where it's injected, preventing them from contracting, which in turn reduces the appearance of wrinkles. Safe Botox procedures We've invested in cutting-edge technology to deliver results that not only meet but exceed your expectations. One client mentioned, 'I never thought I'd feel this good about my reflection again.

You'll need to provide some basic information such as your name, contact number, and any specific concerns or areas you'd like to focus on during your Botox treatment. After the treatment, we recommend avoiding touching or rubbing the treated areas for at least 24 hours. In an age where youth is often mistakenly bottled, sold, and hawked at every street corner, we're thrilled to introduce a genuinely promising solution to those pesky signs of aging: cosmetic Botox services, now available at Manhas Health Co. in Botox for Forehead Lines New Westminster.

Browsing through the gallery, you'll notice the precision in our work, the natural-looking results, and the attention to detail that sets us apart. We're here to help you look and feel your best, with a team that's second to none. They're not just about the treatments but ensuring you're comfortable and informed throughout the process.” We're here to support our clients, not just aesthetically, but by providing a caring and professional environment.

Affordable Botox Providers Botox for Forehead Lines New Westminster
Experienced Botox Injectors Botox for Forehead Lines New Westminster

Experienced Botox Injectors Botox for Forehead Lines New Westminster

Afterward, you can expect minor swelling or bruising at the injection sites, but these side effects usually subside within a few days. Moreover, the precision with which Botox must be applied showcases the importance of professional expertise. Our most popular procedure is the facial Botox treatment, which targets areas like the forehead, crow's feet, and between the eyebrows. We understand that everyone's skin is unique, which is why we offer personalized consultations. New Westminster cosmetic experts Botox consultation

It's more than cosmetic; it's a boost to one's self-esteem. If you're on any prescription blood thinners, please consult with us or your healthcare provider before making any changes.

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It's essential to let our skin settle naturally.

To embark on your journey toward rejuvenation and self-confidence, start by scheduling a consultation with us at Manhas Health Co. If you'd prefer a more personal touch, we're just a phone call away. Understanding the cost and exploring payment options for cosmetic Botox is crucial for anyone considering this treatment at Manhas Health Co.

First off, we're not just another clinic; we've built a reputation for excellence in Botox for Forehead Lines New Westminster. We understand that each client's journey towards achieving their aesthetic aspirations is unique. At Manhas Health Co., we're committed to your well-being, starting with a comprehensive consultation to assess your suitability for Botox.

Preventative Botox Botox for Forehead Lines New Westminster

We understand the importance of looking and feeling your best. However, it's also important to us that we're transparent about the process. We understand that our clients lead busy lives, and finding time for cosmetic treatments can sometimes be challenging. While we're thrilled to share client success stories, we also understand the importance of addressing the concerns some may have about Botox treatments.

Firstly, our team consists of highly trained professionals who specialize in cosmetic Botox procedures. One client shared, 'Before Botox, I constantly looked tired, no matter how rested I was. Without this signal, the muscle doesn't receive the message to contract, leading to a reduction in the appearance of wrinkles.

First off, we avoid touching or massaging the treated areas for at least 24 hours.

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Wrinkles, fine lines, and other age indicators seem to fade, giving the skin a smoother, more youthful appearance. Choosing Manhas Health Co. means choosing a partner who's invested in your beauty and well-being.

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We're here to assure you that safety is our top priority. Choosing Manhas Health Co. means opting for a tailored approach to beauty, where each consultation is meticulously designed to align with personal aspirations and safety considerations. We'll explore these questions, providing insights into how we can help you achieve a fresher, more vibrant look without sacrificing your natural beauty.

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Botox for Resting Face Improvement Botox for Forehead Lines New Westminster
Botox for Resting Face Improvement Botox for Forehead Lines New Westminster

Additionally, staying hydrated and applying any recommended creams or serums can aid in the recovery process. Our team specializes in harnessing the science behind Botox to not only reduce the appearance of wrinkles but also to prevent new ones from forming. At Manhas Health Co., we're here to support you every step of the way. We've all seen the dramatic transformations that can come from cosmetic Botox, like our client Sarah, who discovered a newfound confidence after her treatment at Manhas Health Co. in Botox for Forehead Lines New Westminster.

You can book your appointment directly through our website, where you'll find an easy-to-use booking system. Our team is committed to offering personalized care that aligns with your beauty goals.

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When considering cosmetic Botox at Manhas Health Co, it's vital to know what the journey entails from start to finish.

Our experienced team ensures each treatment is customized to suit your specific needs, providing natural-looking results that enhance your innate beauty. We've dedicated ourselves to not just meeting, but exceeding the expectations of our clients, ensuring each experience is tailored to their individual needs. Lastly, come to your session with a clean face-no makeup, please.

During your consultation, we'll dive into your aesthetic goals, discuss any concerns, and provide a comprehensive overview of what to expect. I didn't know Botox could feel this natural.'These testimonials are a testament to our commitment to excellence. Most importantly, we've seen how these changes can uplift someone's spirit.



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Before your appointment, we recommend avoiding alcohol and blood-thinning medications like aspirin for a few days to reduce the risk of bruising.

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It's important to us that our clients feel informed and confident every step of the way.

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We'll guide you through the entire process, from initial consultation to post-treatment care, ensuring you're comfortable and informed every step of the way. Botox and beauty goals Botox isn't just about looking younger; it's about feeling better in your skin.

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We're here to make your experience as smooth and stress-free as possible. We've handpicked each member for their expertise, dedication, and passion for wellness and beauty. Let's get you set on your journey to looking and feeling your best! Botox for neck lines
Building on our new services, it's crucial to understand the transformative impact Cosmetic Botox can have on one's appearance and confidence. Most clients report feeling only a slight pinch. We're committed to providing treatments that fit seamlessly into our clients' lives, making cosmetic enhancement a practical option for many.
Choosing Manhas Health Co means opting for excellence, care, and value. However, the true essence of our approach and the breadth of services available is something best appreciated firsthand. Whether it's smile lines, marionette lines, or dimpling in the chin, Botox can help smooth these areas, enhancing your natural beauty.

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Wrinkles on the face and hands are a typical sign of aging

A wrinkle, also known as a rhytid, is a fold, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface, such as on skin or fabric. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of ageing processes such as glycation,[1] habitual sleeping positions,[2] loss of body mass, sun damage,[3] or temporarily, as the result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors.[4] In humans, it can also be prevented to some degree by avoiding excessive solar exposure and through diet (in particular through consumption of carotenoids, tocopherols and flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, D and E), essential omega-3-fatty acids, certain proteins and lactobacilli).[5]

Skin

[edit]

Causes for aging wrinkles

[edit]
A woman of European origin with facial wrinkles

Development of facial wrinkles is a kind of fibrosis of the skin. Misrepair-accumulation aging theory suggests that wrinkles develop from incorrect repairs of injured elastic fibers and collagen fibers.[6][7][8] Repeated extensions and compressions of the skin cause repeated injuries of extracellular fibers in derma. During the repairing process, some of the broken elastic fibers and collagen fibers are not regenerated and restored but replaced by altered fibers. When an elastic fiber is broken in an extended state, it may be replaced by a "long" collagen fiber. Accumulation of "long" collagen fibers makes part of the skin looser and stiffer, and as a consequence, a big fold of skin appears. When a "long" collagen is broken in a compressed state, it may be replaced by a "short" collagen fiber. The "shorter" collagen fibers will restrict the extension of "longer" fibers, and make the “long" fibers in a folding state permanently. A small fold, namely a permanent wrinkle, then appears.

Sleep wrinkles

[edit]

Sleep wrinkles are created and reinforced when the face is compressed against a pillow or bed surface in side or stomach sleeping positions during sleep.[9] They appear in predictable locations due to the underlying superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and are usually distinct from wrinkles of facial expression.[10] As with wrinkles of facial expression, sleep wrinkles can deepen and become permanent over time, unless the habitual sleeping positions which cause the wrinkles are altered.[11]

Water-immersion wrinkling

[edit]
A wrinkled finger after a warm bath

The wrinkles that occur in skin over prolonged exposure to water are sometimes referred to as pruney fingers or water aging. This is a temporary skin condition where the skin on the palms of the hand or feet becomes wrinkly. This wrinkling response may have imparted an evolutionary benefit by providing improved traction in wet conditions,[12] and a better grasp of wet objects.[13] These results were called into question by a 2014 study that failed to reproduce any improvement of handling wet objects with wrinkled fingertips.[14] However, a 2020 study of gripping efficiency found that wrinkles decreased the force required to grip wet objects by 20%, supporting the traction hypothesis.[15]

Prior to a 1935 study, the common explanation was based on water absorption in the keratin-laden epithelial skin when immersed in water,[16] causing the skin to expand and resulting in a larger surface area, forcing it to wrinkle. Usually the tips of the fingers and toes are the first to wrinkle because of a thicker layer of keratin and an absence of hairs which secrete the protective oil called sebum.

Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling

In the 1935 study, however, Lewis and Pickering were studying patients with palsy of the median nerve when they discovered that skin wrinkling did not occur in the areas of the patients' skin normally innervated by the damaged nerve. This suggested that the nervous system plays an essential role in wrinkling, so the phenomenon could not be entirely explained simply by water absorption. Recent research shows that wrinkling is related to vasoconstriction.[17][18] Water probably initiates the wrinkling process by altering the balance of electrolytes in the skin as it diffuses into the hands and soles via their many sweat ducts. This could alter the stability of the membranes of the many neurons that synapse on the many blood vessels underneath skin, causing them to fire more rapidly. Increased neuronal firing causes blood vessels to constrict, decreasing the amount of fluid underneath the skin. This decrease in fluid would cause a decrease in tension, causing the skin to become wrinkly.[19]

This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the hands for 30 minutes in water or EMLA cream with measurements steps of 5 minutes, and counting the number of visible wrinkles in time. Not all healthy persons have finger wrinkling after immersion, so it would be safe to say that sympathetic function is preserved if finger wrinkling after immersion in water is observed, but if the fingers emerge smooth it cannot be assumed that there is a lesion to the autonomic supply or to the peripheral nerves of the hand.[20]

Other animals with wrinkles

[edit]

Examples of wrinkles can be found in various animal species that grow loose, excess skin, particularly when they are young. Several breeds of dog, such as the Pug and the Shar Pei, have been bred to exaggerate this trait. In dogs bred for fighting, this is the result of selection for loose skin, which confers a protective advantage.[21]

Techniques for reducing the appearance of aging wrinkles

[edit]
A man receiving a botox injection

Current evidence suggests that tretinoin decreases cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, although the exact mode of action is unknown. Additionally, tretinoin stimulates mitotic activity and increased turnover of follicular epithelial cells.[22] Tretinoin is better known by the brand name Retin-A.

Topical glycosaminoglycans supplements can help to provide temporary restoration of enzyme balance to slow or prevent matrix breakdown and consequent onset of wrinkle formation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are produced by the body to maintain structural integrity in tissues and to maintain fluid balance. Hyaluronic acid is a type of GAG that promotes collagen synthesis, repair, and hydration. GAGs serve as a natural moisturizer and lubricant between epidermal cells to inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Dermal fillers are injectable products frequently used to correct wrinkles, and other depressions in the skin. They are often a kind of soft tissue designed to enable injection into the skin for purposes of improving the appearance. The most common products are based on hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite.

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is a specific form of botulinum toxin manufactured by Allergan for both therapeutic and cosmetic use. Besides its cosmetic application, Botox is used in the treatment of other conditions including migraine headache and cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) (a neuromuscular disorder involving the head and neck).[23]

Dysport, manufactured by Ipsen, received FDA approval and is now used to treat cervical dystonia as well as glabellar lines in adults. In 2010, another form of botulinum toxin, one free of complexing proteins, became available to Americans. Xeomin received FDA approval for medical indications in 2010 and cosmetic indications in 2011.

Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of all wrinkles; it is indicated for the treatment of glabellar lines (between the eyebrows) in adults. Any other usage is not approved by the FDA and is considered off-label use.

Laser resurfacing is FDA-cleared skin resurfacing procedure in which lasers are used to improve the condition of the skin.[citation needed] Two types of lasers are used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the face; laser ablation, which removes thin layers of skin, and nonablative lasers that stimulate collagen production. Nonablative lasers are less effective than ablative ones but they are less invasive and recovery time is short. After the procedure people experience temporary redness, itching and swelling.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Danby, FW (Jul–Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation". Clin Dermatol. 4. 28 (4): 409–411. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.018. PMID 20620757.
  2. ^ American Academy of Dermatology. "Causes of Aging". AgingSkinNet. American Academy of Dermatology. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  3. ^ Cosmetic Procedures for Wrinkles
  4. ^ Anderson, Laurence. 2006. Looking Good, the Australian guide to skin care, cosmetic medicine and cosmetic surgery. AMPCo. Sydney. ISBN 0-85557-044-X.
  5. ^ Schagen, S. K.; Zampeli, V. A.; Makrantonaki, E.; Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). "Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging". Dermato-Endocrinology. 4 (3): 298–307. doi:10.4161/derm.22876. PMC 3583891. PMID 23467449.
  6. ^ Wang, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas; Wunderlin, Arne; Mahadeva, Ravi (2009). "Aging as a consequence of Misrepair—a novel theory of aging". arXiv:0904.0575 [q-bio.TO].
  7. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Aging as a process of accumulation of Misrepairs". arXiv:1503.07163 [q-bio.TO].
  8. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Tissue fibrosis: a principal evidence for the central role of Misrepairs in aging". arXiv:1505.01376 [q-bio.TO].
  9. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  10. ^ Fulton, James E.; Gaminchi, F. (1999). "Sleep Lines". Dermatol Surg. 25 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08073.x. PMID 9935097.
  11. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247 [246]. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  12. ^ Mark Changizi; Romann Weber; Ritesh Kotecha; Joseph Palazzo (2011). "Are Wet-Induced Wrinkled Fingers Primate Rain Treads?". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 77 (4): 286–90. doi:10.1159/000328223. PMID 21701145.
  13. ^ Kareklas, Kyriacos; Nettle, Daniel; Smulders, Tom V (January 9, 2013). "Water-induced finger wrinkles improve handling of wet objects". Biol. Lett. 9 (2): 20120999. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0999. PMC 3639753. PMID 23302867.
  14. ^ Haseleu, Julia; Omerbašić, Damir; Frenzel, Henning; Gross, Manfred; Lewin, Gary R. (2014). Goldreich, Daniel (ed.). "Water-Induced Finger Wrinkles Do Not Affect Touch Acuity or Dexterity in Handling Wet Objects". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e84949. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...984949H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084949. PMC 3885627. PMID 24416318.
  15. ^ Davis, N. (8 November 2020). "Water-immersion finger-wrinkling improves grip efficiency in handling wet objects". bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.11.07.372631.
  16. ^ "Dr Karl's Homework – Skin Wrinkles in Water (26/1/2000)". Abc.net.au. 2000-01-26. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
  17. ^ Einar P.V. Wilder-Smith; Adeline Chow (2003). "Water-immersion wrinkeling is due to vasoconstriction". Muscle & Nerve. 27 (3): 307–311. doi:10.1002/mus.10323. PMID 12635117. S2CID 45193684.
  18. ^ Einar P. V. Wilder-Smith (2004). "Water immersion wrinkling". Clinical Autonomic Research. 14 (2): 125–131. doi:10.1007/s10286-004-0172-4. PMID 15095056. S2CID 44938772.
  19. ^ H. Zhai, K.P. Whilem H. L. Maibach (2007). Dermatotoxicology. pp. 280–281.
  20. ^ G Alvarez, J Eurolo; P Canales (1980). "Finger wrinkling after immersion in water". British Medical Journal. 281 (6240): 586–587. doi:10.1136/bmj.281.6240.586-a. PMC 1713922. PMID 7427379.
  21. ^ The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide. Penguin. 15 August 2023. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-7440-8513-6.
  22. ^ Stefanaki C, Stratigos A, Katsambas A (June 2005). "Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging". J Cosmet Dermatol. 4 (2): 130–4. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2005.40215.x. PMID 17166212. S2CID 44702740.
  23. ^ Brin MF, Lew MF, Adler CH, Comella CL, Factor SA, Jankovic J, O'Brien C, Murray JJ, Wallace JD, Willmer-Hulme A, Koller M (1999). "Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 (7): 1431–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.53.7.1431. PMID 10534247.
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Military Policlinic in Legionowo, Poland

A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients. Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays.

Most commonly, the English word clinic refers to a general practice, run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean a specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school.

Etymology

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The entrance to a surgery clinic in Greenwich, London

The word clinic derives from Ancient Greek κλίνειν klinein meaning to slope, lean or recline. Hence κλίνη klinē is a couch or bed and κλινικός klinikos is a physician who visits his patients in their beds.[1] In Latin, this became clīnicus.[2][3]

An early use of the word clinic was "one who receives baptism on a sick bed".[4]

Overview

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A medpunkt (health care access point) delivers primary health care to the residents of the village of Veliki Vrag, Russia.

Clinics are often associated with a general medical practice run by one or several general practitioners. Other types of clinics are run by the type of specialist associated with that type: physical therapy clinics by physiotherapists and psychology clinics by clinical psychologists, and so on for each health profession. (This can even hold true for certain services outside the medical field: for example, legal clinics are run by lawyers.)

Some clinics are operated in-house by employers, government organizations, or hospitals, and some clinical services are outsourced to private corporations which specialize in providing health services. In China, for example, owners of such clinics do not have formal medical education. There were 659,596 village clinics in China in 2011.[5]

Health care in India, China, Russia and Africa is provided to those regions' vast rural areas by mobile health clinics or roadside dispensaries, some of which integrate traditional medicine. In India these traditional clinics provide ayurvedic medicine and unani herbal medical practice. In each of these countries, traditional medicine tends to be a hereditary practice.

Function

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Policlinic in Karl-Marx-Stadt, German Democratic Republic

The function of clinics differs from country to country. For instance, a local general practice run by a single general practitioner provides primary health care and is usually run as a for-profit business by the owner, whereas a government-run specialist clinic may provide subsidized or specialized[dubiousdiscuss] health care.

Some clinics serve as a place for people with injuries or illnesses to be seen by a triage nurse or other health worker. In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be serious enough to require a visit to an emergency room (ER), but the person can be transferred to one if needed.

Treatment at these clinics is often less expensive than it would be at a casualty department. Also, unlike an ER these clinics are often not open on a 24/7/365 basis. They sometimes have access to diagnostic equipment such as X-ray machines, especially if the clinic is part of a larger facility. Doctors at such clinics can often refer patients to specialists if the need arises.[6]

Large outpatient clinics

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Children Policlinic in Novokosino District of Moscow

Large outpatient clinics vary in size, but can be as large as hospitals.

Function

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Typical large outpatient clinics house general medical practitioners (GPs) such as doctors and nurses to provide ambulatory care and some acute care services but lack the major surgical and pre- and post-operative care facilities commonly associated with hospitals.

Policlinic in Vilnius-Karoliniškės, Lithuania

Besides GPs, if a clinic is a polyclinic, it can house outpatient departments of some medical specialties, such as gynecology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, neurology, pulmonology, cardiology, and endocrinology. In some university cities, polyclinics contain outpatient departments for the entire teaching hospital in one building.

Internationally

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Policlinic in Písek, Czech Republic

Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine;[7] and in many countries across Asia and Africa.[8]

In Europe, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe, bigger outpatient health centers, commonly in cities and towns, are called policlinics (derived from the word polis, not from poly-).

Recent[when?] Russian governments have attempted to replace the policlinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. However, this has failed.[9]

In the Czech Republic, many policlinics were privatized or leasehold and decentralized in the post-communist era: some of them are just lessors and coordinators of a healthcare provided by private doctor's offices in the policlinic building.[10]

India has also set up huge numbers of polyclinics for former defense personnel. The network envisages 426 polyclinics in 343 districts of the country which will benefit about 33 lakh (3.3 million) ex-servicemen residing in remote and far-flung areas.[11]

Policlinics are also the backbone of Cuba's primary care system and have been credited with a role in improving that nation's health indicators.[12]

Mobile clinics

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Hinduja National Hospital's mobile clinic
A mobile health clinic operated from a truck

Providing health services through mobile clinics provides accessible healthcare services to these remote areas that have yet to make their way in the politicized space. For example, mobile clinics have proved helpful in dealing with new settlement patterns in Costa Rica. Before foreign aid organizations or the state government became involved in healthcare, Costa Rica's people managed their own health maintenance and protection.[13] People relied on various socio-cultural adaptations and remedies to prevent illnesses, such as personal hygiene and settlement patterns.[13] When new settlements that sprang up along the coast became "artificial" communities, and due to lack of traditional home healing practices here, alternative methods such as mobile clinics had to be implemented in these communities for the protection and prevention of diseases.[13]

A study done in rural Namibia revealed the health changes of orphans, vulnerable children and non-vulnerable children (OVC) visiting a mobile clinic where health facilities are far from the remote villages.[14] Over 6 months, information on immunization status, diagnosis of anemia, skin and intestinal disorders, nutrition, dental disorders was collected and showed that visits to mobile clinics improved the overall health of children that visited regularly. It concluded that specified "planning of these programs in areas with similarly identified barriers may help correct the health disparities among Namibian OVC and could be a first step in improving child morbidity and mortality in difficult-to-reach rural areas."[14]

A mobile clinic run from a pickup truck in Yemen

Food supplementation in the context of routine mobile clinic visits also shows to have improved the nutritional status of children, and it needs further exploration as a way to reduce childhood malnutrition in resource-scarce areas. A cross-sectional study focussed on comparing acute and chronic undernutrition rates prior to and after a food-supplementation program as an adjunct to routine health care for children of migrant workers residing in rural communities in the Dominican Republic.[15] Rates of chronic undernutrition decreased from 33% to 18% after the initiation of the food-supplementation program and shows that the community members attending the mobile clinics are not just passively receiving the information but are incorporating it and helping keep their children nourished.[15]

Types

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Storefront clinic in Manhattan

There are many different types of clinics providing outpatient services. Such clinics may be public (government-funded) or private medical practices.

  • A CLSC are in Quebec; they are a type of free clinic funded by the provincial government; they provide service not covered by Canada's healthcare plan including social workers
  • In the United States, a free clinic provides free or low-cost healthcare for those with little or without insurance.
  • A retail-based clinic is housed in supermarkets and similar retail outlets providing walk-in health care, which may be staffed by nurse practitioners.
  • A general out-patient clinic offers general diagnoses or treatments without an overnight stay.
  • A polyclinic or policlinic provides a range of healthcare services (including diagnostics) without need of an overnight stay
  • A specialist clinic provides advanced diagnostic or treatment services for specific diseases or parts of the body. This type contrasts with general out-patient clinics.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ κλινικός in A Greek–English Lexicon. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  2. ^ clinicus in A Latin Dictionary. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  3. ^ Partridge, Eric. Origins: A short etymological dictionary of modern English. Book Club Associates, 1966.
  4. ^ Clinic, Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
  5. ^ "Statistical Communiqué on the 2011 National Economic and Social Development". stats.gov.cn. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  6. ^ "Clinic search engine tools to find the right Clinic". 123 clinic. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  7. ^ NLH – Health Management – Policlinics. Retrieved 3 July 2008.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ Google
  9. ^ Ershova I, Rider O, Gorelov V (December 2007). "Policlinics in London". Lancet. 370 (9603): 1890–1. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61793-0. PMID 18068500. S2CID 43512994.
  10. ^ David Rath: Trnitá cesta privatizace českého zdravotnictví, Hospodářské noviny, 10 September 1996
  11. ^ "199 Additional Polyclinics For Ex-Servicemen". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 May 2010.
  12. ^ Cuba's primary health care revolution: 30 years on, Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  13. ^ a b c Morgan, Lynn M. (February 1993). Community Participation in Health: The Politics of Primary Care in Costa Rica. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511558092. ISBN 978-0-521-41898-0. Retrieved 8 May 2020. cite book: |website= ignored (help)
  14. ^ a b Aneni, Ehimen; De Beer, Ingrid H.; Hanson, Laura; Rijnen, Bas; Brenan, Alana T.; Feeley, Frank G. (2013). "Mobile primary healthcare services and health outcomes of children in rural Namibia". Rural and Remote Health. 13 (3): 2380. ISSN 1445-6354. PMID 24016257.
  15. ^ a b Parikh, Kavita; Marein-Efron, Gabriela; Huang, Shirley; O'Hare, Geraldine; Finalle, Rodney; Shah, Samir S. (September 2010). "Nutritional Status of Children after a Food-Supplementation Program Integrated with Routine Health Care through Mobile Clinics in Migrant Communities in the Dominican Republic". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 83 (3): 559–564. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0485. ISSN 0002-9637. PMC 2929051. PMID 20810820.

In general, a filler is something that is used to fill gaps. Specialized meanings include:

Materials

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  • Filler (animal food), dietary fiber and other ingredients added to pet foods to provide bulk
  • Filler (materials), particles added to a matrix material, usually to improve its properties
  • Filler (packaging), a machine designed to fill packaging, usually occurs in food packaging
  • Filler metal, metal added in the making of a joint through welding, brazing, or soldering
  • Grain filler, a product that is used to achieve a smooth-textured wood finish
  • Injectable filler, a soft tissue filler injected into the skin to help fill in facial wrinkles
  • Star filler, a plastic insert in computer cables which separates wires

Media and entertainment

[edit]
  • Filler (media), in television and other media, material that exists outside the story arc to pad out other material
  • "Filler", song by hardcore punk band Minor Threat, from their debut E.P.

Other uses

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See also

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Frequently Asked Questions

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