Non-Surgical Botox New Westminster

Non-Surgical Botox New Westminster

Botox treatments

At Manhas Health Co., our expertise in delivering high-quality Cosmetic Botox services sets us apart in the wellness industry. Learn more about Non-Surgical Botox New Westminster here Trust us to craft a Botox plan that's just right for you, blending artistry with precision for natural-looking results. New Westminster Botox providers One of the most appealing aspects of undergoing Botox at Manhas Health Co. is the minimal downtime required, allowing clients to quickly resume their daily activities. Our team is highly trained and experienced, ensuring every procedure is performed with the utmost care. It's incredibly rewarding to hear such positive feedback.
It's crucial for us to understand what you're looking to achieve so we can tailor the treatment precisely to your needs.

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But the advantages don't stop at aesthetics. Learn more about Manhas Health Co. here. We ensure that our clients leave not only looking their best but also feeling confident in the lasting impact of their Botox treatments. That's why we don't believe in a one-size-fits-all approach.
We can't wait to meet you and start this journey together. We use only the highest quality, FDA-approved Botox products and maintain a sterile environment to prevent any risk of infection. We're dedicated to making sure you're not just satisfied but thrilled with your results. We've incorporated a gentle skincare routine, avoiding harsh products or exfoliants for the first few days.
Plus, the effects are temporary, offering flexibility if preferences change over time. While the idea of incorporating Botox into one's wellness routine might raise some eyebrows, the reasons behind its growing popularity and why Manhas Health Co.

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is the go-to clinic for such services are compelling stories we're eager to share. That's why we're committed to offering our clients the best possible outcomes with every Botox session. Our team is skilled in designing plans that not only address your immediate concerns but also contribute to your long-term well-being.

Botox treatments, when administered by the experienced hands at Manhas Health Co., offer a spectrum of benefits, from smoothing out fine lines to preventing deeper wrinkles from taking root. We're committed to ongoing education and training, ensuring we're always up-to-date with the latest techniques and advancements in the field. We've seen firsthand the joy that comes from our clients seeing their refreshed appearances for the first time.

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Don't worry; all your information is kept confidential. By incorporating these treatments into your care routine, we're not just turning back the clock; we're slowing its ticking, ensuring that your skin remains vibrant and youthful for as long as possible.

We opt for products with soothing ingredients like aloe vera and hyaluronic acid to keep our skin hydrated and to support its natural healing process. We've discovered that by understanding how Botox works, our clients can make informed decisions about their beauty treatments. We also make sure to stay upright for several hours post-treatment to assist with this. Additionally, Botox treatments are quick and have minimal downtime, making them a convenient option for busy individuals.

We're committed to ensuring you're delighted with your results, so we'll schedule a follow-up appointment to assess your progress and decide if any touch-ups are necessary. We've recently expanded our wellness services to include top-rated cosmetic Botox in Non-Surgical Botox New Westminster, marking a significant milestone in our commitment to holistic health and beauty. We understand that your time is valuable, so we've streamlined our booking process to minimize wait times and get you in for your treatment as quickly as possible. We're committed to providing a safe, comfortable experience for everyone.

Understanding that each individual's skin and facial structure is distinct, we start with a thorough consultation to discuss your specific concerns and desired outcomes. By carefully administering Botox in targeted areas, we can significantly reduce sweat production, offering relief and boosted confidence. Hearing from our satisfied clients, their experiences bring to life the transformative power of our Botox treatments. The procedure was quick, and the results were incredible.' Emily's experience highlights our commitment to providing a safe, welcoming environment for our clients.



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Entity Name Description Source
Botulinum toxin Description for Botulinum toxin Source
Skeletal muscle Description for Skeletal muscle Source
Eyelid Description for Eyelid Source
Eye drop Description for Eye drop Source
Injectable filler Description for Injectable filler Source
Marionette lines Description for Marionette lines Source
Lip Description for Lip Source
Dermatology Description for Dermatology Source
Mohs surgery Description for Mohs surgery Source
Skin cancer Description for Skin cancer Source
Varicose veins Description for Varicose veins Source
Melanocytic nevus Description for Melanocytic nevus Source
Collagen induction therapy Description for Collagen induction therapy Source
Platelet-rich plasma Description for Platelet-rich plasma Source
Pattern hair loss Description for Pattern hair loss Source
Skin care Description for Skin care Source
New Westminster Description for New Westminster Source
British Columbia Description for British Columbia Source
Rhinoplasty Description for Rhinoplasty Source
Masseter muscle Description for Masseter muscle Source
Submental triangle Description for Submental triangle Source
Hair loss Description for Hair loss Source
Scalp Description for Scalp Source
Hair follicle Description for Hair follicle Source
Hyperhidrosis Description for Hyperhidrosis Source
Restylane Description for Restylane Source
Physiology Description for Physiology Source

Botox Treatment Consultation New Westminster

The area now known as New Westminster was originally inhabited by Kwantlen First Nation The discovery of gold in BC and the arrival of gold seekers from the south prompted fear amongst the settlers that Americans may invade to take over this land.

Botox Treatment Centers in New Westminster


Cosmetic Botox New Westminster

Nearby Tourist Attractions

Serpentine Hollow

Guildford
Tourist attraction, Park, Hiking area
Serpentine Hollow, Surrey, BC V4N 5M1

Buntzen Lake Floating Bridge

Tourist attraction
Buntzen Lake Floating Bridge, Anmore, BC

Unwin Park

Newton
Tourist attraction, Baseball, Park
Unwin Park, 13313 68 Ave, Surrey, BC V3W 2E8

Chimney Heights Park

East Newton North
Tourist attraction, Recreation, Park
Chimney Heights Park, 7200 146b St, Surrey, BC V3S 8Y7
Overlooking the mountains, this park offers a baseball diamond, soccer field & open space.

Stanley Park

Tourist attraction, Park
Stanley Park, Vancouver, BC V6G 1Z4
Vancouver's largest urban park has beaches, trails & family attractions, plus a picturesque seawall.

Citations and other links

Botox for Youthful Appearance Non-Surgical Botox New Westminster

Stick around as we unfold the transformative power of cosmetic Botox and how it aligns with our vision of embracing a radiant future. Our approach at Manhas Health Co. involves a thorough consultation to understand each client's aesthetic goals. But the journey towards a more youthful appearance doesn't stop there. What sets us apart is our commitment to creating a welcoming and supportive environment.
We often use it to treat areas that show signs of aging, like the forehead, around the eyes, and between the brows. We're committed to upholding the highest standards in our Botox treatments.

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Stick with us as we explore why Manhas Health Co. is the go-to for those looking to turn back the clock, without having to wind it up again.
We understand the importance of maintaining a fresh and natural look without the constant need for reapplication or retreatment. That's why we offer a variety of payment options. Our clients' satisfaction is our top priority, and we go the extra mile to ensure that every visit is a positive experience. Read more about Non-Surgical Botox New Westminster here
We're not just treating symptoms; we're enhancing your overall quality of life. It's like I've found a piece of myself I thought was lost.'Another said, 'I was skeptical about getting Botox, worried about looking 'unnatural.'

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But the team at Manhas Health Co. listened to my concerns, crafted a personalized plan, and the results are astonishing. The team at Manhas Health Co. listened to my concerns and delivered exactly what I was hoping for.



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Botox for Younger Skin Non-Surgical Botox New Westminster

Botox for Younger Skin Non-Surgical Botox New Westminster

We're proud to say that our team's commitment to excellence doesn't stop at their technical skills. They've shared how these procedures haven't just rejuvenated their appearance but also boosted their confidence. This simple step helps prevent the Botox from spreading to unintended muscles. It's about enhancing quality of life in various ways.

Our aim is to help you achieve a refreshed, more youthful appearance that still looks like you. Botox appointment preparation That's why we're committed to creating personalized treatment plans that cater specifically to your goals, concerns, and skin type. At Manhas Health Co., we recognize that every person's skin and aesthetic goals are unique.

Understanding each client's unique needs is the cornerstone of our personalized consultation process at Manhas Health Co. Your safety and satisfaction are our top priorities, ensuring you can enjoy your rejuvenated appearance with peace of mind. Botox, a purified form of botulinum toxin, is meticulously injected into specific areas, requiring precision that our certified practitioners are well equipped to provide.

The process involves small injections that relax the muscles responsible for creating wrinkles, resulting in a smoother, fresher facial appearance. Choosing Manhas Health Co. means opting for quality, care, and a team that genuinely values your well-being. Let's work together to achieve the youthful, refreshed look you desire, with results that speak volumes about our commitment to your individual needs.

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You'll start noticing the effects of Botox within a few days, with full results typically visible after two weeks. Leading Botox clinics New Westminster We can't wait to help you look and feel your best with personalized care and expert services. Our expertise allows us to adjust the amount and specific injection sites to align with your natural beauty, ensuring results that look and feel authentic to you. It's not just about looking younger; it's about feeling more confident in our skin. At Manhas Health Co., we're committed to enhancing your beauty with the utmost care and professionalism.

During these consultations, we assess your facial structure, discuss your aesthetic goals, and explain the procedure in detail.

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Moreover, for those experiencing chronic migraines, Botox has been a beacon of hope. The treatment has been approved by health authorities worldwide for both cosmetic and therapeutic uses, affirming its safety and efficacy. Botox for brow lift We've seen firsthand how it transforms not just appearances but also boosts confidence and self-esteem.

This holistic view allows us to recommend the most effective, safe, and suitable Botox treatments. That's where our expertise at Manhas Health Co. comes into play, providing our clients with not just beauty, but confidence in the science behind their choices. We also recommend avoiding strenuous activities and keeping your head elevated to reduce any potential swelling. By injecting Botox into the underarms, palms, or soles of the feet, we can significantly reduce sweat production, improving comfort and confidence.

When considering Botox at Manhas Health Co, you'll first undergo a comprehensive consultation to tailor the treatment to your specific needs and expectations.

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    We're experts at subtly smoothing away fine lines and preventing deeper creases from forming, all while ensuring your face retains its natural expressions. Don't rub or massage the treated areas for at least 24 hours; this can cause the Botox to spread to unintended muscles. Botox consultation process This means you can easily fit a session into your lunch break or between errands without a significant disruption to your day.

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    Botox Facial Rejuvenation Non-Surgical Botox New Westminster

    We've equipped our clinic with the latest technology to ensure every procedure is performed with the highest standards of precision and care. We'll provide aftercare instructions to maximize the treatment's benefits and minimize any potential side effects, such as minor swelling or bruising at the injection sites. We're here to guide you through every step, from the initial consultation to the post-treatment care, making adjustments as necessary to ensure your complete satisfaction. Botox for forehead wrinkles It's common for clients to worry about the safety and side effects of these procedures.

    It's this meticulous approach that guarantees our clients' safety and satisfaction. Trust us to help you achieve a smoother, more youthful complexion with Botox. It's a powerful tool in our wellness services because it directly addresses the concerns many have about aging, without the need for extensive surgery or downtime.

    These typically subside within a few days. We'll discuss your medical history, any medications you're taking, and assess your skin to ensure Botox is the right choice for you. We've streamlined the process to ensure it's as straightforward and comfortable as possible.

    We've come to appreciate the fine balance between embracing our inherent features and seeking professional assistance to refine them. We're committed to ensuring our clients at Manhas Health Co. understand both the advantages and the risks. We've seen firsthand how this treatment can smooth out wrinkles, erase fine lines, and restore a youthful vibrancy that many of us start to miss as the years pass by.

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    At Manhas Health Co, we offer a wide range of Botox procedures tailored to meet individual needs and aesthetic goals. We take the time to listen to you, ensuring that your Botox treatment aligns perfectly with your vision of beauty. We always emphasize the importance of consulting with our specialists before deciding on Botox. Alcohol can increase bruising, so staying clear of it helps minimize any potential side effects.
    We're excited to offer Cosmetic Botox because it's a quick, minimally invasive procedure that can make a significant difference in how people perceive themselves. At Manhas Health Co., we've seen firsthand how it's not just about the aesthetic improvements but also about boosting our clients' confidence. Our team's extensive knowledge in cosmetic Botox treatments guarantees you receive the most effective solutions tailored to your unique needs and desires.
    We're here to guide you through every step of the process, ensuring that your journey to enhanced beauty and confidence is both successful and enjoyable. Following your Botox treatment at Manhas Health Co., we'll guide you through the aftercare process to ensure optimal results and a smooth recovery. Just select the service you're interested in, choose a date and time that fits your schedule, and you're all set.

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    I'm truly grateful.'Another said, 'The difference is remarkable. These lines fan out from the corners of your eyes and become more pronounced with age. It's one of the many reasons our clients choose us for their cosmetic needs.

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    Wrinkles on the face and hands are a typical sign of aging

    A wrinkle, also known as a rhytid, is a fold, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface, such as on skin or fabric. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of ageing processes such as glycation,[1] habitual sleeping positions,[2] loss of body mass, sun damage,[3] or temporarily, as the result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors.[4] In humans, it can also be prevented to some degree by avoiding excessive solar exposure and through diet (in particular through consumption of carotenoids, tocopherols and flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, D and E), essential omega-3-fatty acids, certain proteins and lactobacilli).[5]

    Skin

    [edit]

    Causes for aging wrinkles

    [edit]
    A woman of European origin with facial wrinkles

    Development of facial wrinkles is a kind of fibrosis of the skin. Misrepair-accumulation aging theory suggests that wrinkles develop from incorrect repairs of injured elastic fibers and collagen fibers.[6][7][8] Repeated extensions and compressions of the skin cause repeated injuries of extracellular fibers in derma. During the repairing process, some of the broken elastic fibers and collagen fibers are not regenerated and restored but replaced by altered fibers. When an elastic fiber is broken in an extended state, it may be replaced by a "long" collagen fiber. Accumulation of "long" collagen fibers makes part of the skin looser and stiffer, and as a consequence, a big fold of skin appears. When a "long" collagen is broken in a compressed state, it may be replaced by a "short" collagen fiber. The "shorter" collagen fibers will restrict the extension of "longer" fibers, and make the “long" fibers in a folding state permanently. A small fold, namely a permanent wrinkle, then appears.

    Sleep wrinkles

    [edit]

    Sleep wrinkles are created and reinforced when the face is compressed against a pillow or bed surface in side or stomach sleeping positions during sleep.[9] They appear in predictable locations due to the underlying superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and are usually distinct from wrinkles of facial expression.[10] As with wrinkles of facial expression, sleep wrinkles can deepen and become permanent over time, unless the habitual sleeping positions which cause the wrinkles are altered.[11]

    Water-immersion wrinkling

    [edit]
    A wrinkled finger after a warm bath

    The wrinkles that occur in skin over prolonged exposure to water are sometimes referred to as pruney fingers or water aging. This is a temporary skin condition where the skin on the palms of the hand or feet becomes wrinkly. This wrinkling response may have imparted an evolutionary benefit by providing improved traction in wet conditions,[12] and a better grasp of wet objects.[13] These results were called into question by a 2014 study that failed to reproduce any improvement of handling wet objects with wrinkled fingertips.[14] However, a 2020 study of gripping efficiency found that wrinkles decreased the force required to grip wet objects by 20%, supporting the traction hypothesis.[15]

    Prior to a 1935 study, the common explanation was based on water absorption in the keratin-laden epithelial skin when immersed in water,[16] causing the skin to expand and resulting in a larger surface area, forcing it to wrinkle. Usually the tips of the fingers and toes are the first to wrinkle because of a thicker layer of keratin and an absence of hairs which secrete the protective oil called sebum.

    Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling

    In the 1935 study, however, Lewis and Pickering were studying patients with palsy of the median nerve when they discovered that skin wrinkling did not occur in the areas of the patients' skin normally innervated by the damaged nerve. This suggested that the nervous system plays an essential role in wrinkling, so the phenomenon could not be entirely explained simply by water absorption. Recent research shows that wrinkling is related to vasoconstriction.[17][18] Water probably initiates the wrinkling process by altering the balance of electrolytes in the skin as it diffuses into the hands and soles via their many sweat ducts. This could alter the stability of the membranes of the many neurons that synapse on the many blood vessels underneath skin, causing them to fire more rapidly. Increased neuronal firing causes blood vessels to constrict, decreasing the amount of fluid underneath the skin. This decrease in fluid would cause a decrease in tension, causing the skin to become wrinkly.[19]

    This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the hands for 30 minutes in water or EMLA cream with measurements steps of 5 minutes, and counting the number of visible wrinkles in time. Not all healthy persons have finger wrinkling after immersion, so it would be safe to say that sympathetic function is preserved if finger wrinkling after immersion in water is observed, but if the fingers emerge smooth it cannot be assumed that there is a lesion to the autonomic supply or to the peripheral nerves of the hand.[20]

    Other animals with wrinkles

    [edit]

    Examples of wrinkles can be found in various animal species that grow loose, excess skin, particularly when they are young. Several breeds of dog, such as the Pug and the Shar Pei, have been bred to exaggerate this trait. In dogs bred for fighting, this is the result of selection for loose skin, which confers a protective advantage.[21]

    Techniques for reducing the appearance of aging wrinkles

    [edit]
    A man receiving a botox injection

    Current evidence suggests that tretinoin decreases cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, although the exact mode of action is unknown. Additionally, tretinoin stimulates mitotic activity and increased turnover of follicular epithelial cells.[22] Tretinoin is better known by the brand name Retin-A.

    Topical glycosaminoglycans supplements can help to provide temporary restoration of enzyme balance to slow or prevent matrix breakdown and consequent onset of wrinkle formation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are produced by the body to maintain structural integrity in tissues and to maintain fluid balance. Hyaluronic acid is a type of GAG that promotes collagen synthesis, repair, and hydration. GAGs serve as a natural moisturizer and lubricant between epidermal cells to inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

    Dermal fillers are injectable products frequently used to correct wrinkles, and other depressions in the skin. They are often a kind of soft tissue designed to enable injection into the skin for purposes of improving the appearance. The most common products are based on hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite.

    Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is a specific form of botulinum toxin manufactured by Allergan for both therapeutic and cosmetic use. Besides its cosmetic application, Botox is used in the treatment of other conditions including migraine headache and cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) (a neuromuscular disorder involving the head and neck).[23]

    Dysport, manufactured by Ipsen, received FDA approval and is now used to treat cervical dystonia as well as glabellar lines in adults. In 2010, another form of botulinum toxin, one free of complexing proteins, became available to Americans. Xeomin received FDA approval for medical indications in 2010 and cosmetic indications in 2011.

    Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of all wrinkles; it is indicated for the treatment of glabellar lines (between the eyebrows) in adults. Any other usage is not approved by the FDA and is considered off-label use.

    Laser resurfacing is FDA-cleared skin resurfacing procedure in which lasers are used to improve the condition of the skin.[citation needed] Two types of lasers are used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the face; laser ablation, which removes thin layers of skin, and nonablative lasers that stimulate collagen production. Nonablative lasers are less effective than ablative ones but they are less invasive and recovery time is short. After the procedure people experience temporary redness, itching and swelling.

    See also

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ Danby, FW (Jul–Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation". Clin Dermatol. 4. 28 (4): 409–411. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.018. PMID 20620757.
    2. ^ American Academy of Dermatology. "Causes of Aging". AgingSkinNet. American Academy of Dermatology. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
    3. ^ Cosmetic Procedures for Wrinkles
    4. ^ Anderson, Laurence. 2006. Looking Good, the Australian guide to skin care, cosmetic medicine and cosmetic surgery. AMPCo. Sydney. ISBN 0-85557-044-X.
    5. ^ Schagen, S. K.; Zampeli, V. A.; Makrantonaki, E.; Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). "Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging". Dermato-Endocrinology. 4 (3): 298–307. doi:10.4161/derm.22876. PMC 3583891. PMID 23467449.
    6. ^ Wang, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas; Wunderlin, Arne; Mahadeva, Ravi (2009). "Aging as a consequence of Misrepair—a novel theory of aging". arXiv:0904.0575 [q-bio.TO].
    7. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Aging as a process of accumulation of Misrepairs". arXiv:1503.07163 [q-bio.TO].
    8. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Tissue fibrosis: a principal evidence for the central role of Misrepairs in aging". arXiv:1505.01376 [q-bio.TO].
    9. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
    10. ^ Fulton, James E.; Gaminchi, F. (1999). "Sleep Lines". Dermatol Surg. 25 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08073.x. PMID 9935097.
    11. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247 [246]. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
    12. ^ Mark Changizi; Romann Weber; Ritesh Kotecha; Joseph Palazzo (2011). "Are Wet-Induced Wrinkled Fingers Primate Rain Treads?". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 77 (4): 286–90. doi:10.1159/000328223. PMID 21701145.
    13. ^ Kareklas, Kyriacos; Nettle, Daniel; Smulders, Tom V (January 9, 2013). "Water-induced finger wrinkles improve handling of wet objects". Biol. Lett. 9 (2): 20120999. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0999. PMC 3639753. PMID 23302867.
    14. ^ Haseleu, Julia; Omerbašić, Damir; Frenzel, Henning; Gross, Manfred; Lewin, Gary R. (2014). Goldreich, Daniel (ed.). "Water-Induced Finger Wrinkles Do Not Affect Touch Acuity or Dexterity in Handling Wet Objects". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e84949. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...984949H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084949. PMC 3885627. PMID 24416318.
    15. ^ Davis, N. (8 November 2020). "Water-immersion finger-wrinkling improves grip efficiency in handling wet objects". bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.11.07.372631.
    16. ^ "Dr Karl's Homework – Skin Wrinkles in Water (26/1/2000)". Abc.net.au. 2000-01-26. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
    17. ^ Einar P.V. Wilder-Smith; Adeline Chow (2003). "Water-immersion wrinkeling is due to vasoconstriction". Muscle & Nerve. 27 (3): 307–311. doi:10.1002/mus.10323. PMID 12635117. S2CID 45193684.
    18. ^ Einar P. V. Wilder-Smith (2004). "Water immersion wrinkling". Clinical Autonomic Research. 14 (2): 125–131. doi:10.1007/s10286-004-0172-4. PMID 15095056. S2CID 44938772.
    19. ^ H. Zhai, K.P. Whilem H. L. Maibach (2007). Dermatotoxicology. pp. 280–281.
    20. ^ G Alvarez, J Eurolo; P Canales (1980). "Finger wrinkling after immersion in water". British Medical Journal. 281 (6240): 586–587. doi:10.1136/bmj.281.6240.586-a. PMC 1713922. PMID 7427379.
    21. ^ The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide. Penguin. 15 August 2023. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-7440-8513-6.
    22. ^ Stefanaki C, Stratigos A, Katsambas A (June 2005). "Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging". J Cosmet Dermatol. 4 (2): 130–4. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2005.40215.x. PMID 17166212. S2CID 44702740.
    23. ^ Brin MF, Lew MF, Adler CH, Comella CL, Factor SA, Jankovic J, O'Brien C, Murray JJ, Wallace JD, Willmer-Hulme A, Koller M (1999). "Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 (7): 1431–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.53.7.1431. PMID 10534247.
    [edit]

    Military Policlinic in Legionowo, Poland

    A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients. Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays.

    Most commonly, the English word clinic refers to a general practice, run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean a specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school.

    Etymology

    [edit]
    The entrance to a surgery clinic in Greenwich, London

    The word clinic derives from Ancient Greek κλίνειν klinein meaning to slope, lean or recline. Hence κλίνη klinē is a couch or bed and κλινικός klinikos is a physician who visits his patients in their beds.[1] In Latin, this became clīnicus.[2][3]

    An early use of the word clinic was "one who receives baptism on a sick bed".[4]

    Overview

    [edit]
    A medpunkt (health care access point) delivers primary health care to the residents of the village of Veliki Vrag, Russia.

    Clinics are often associated with a general medical practice run by one or several general practitioners. Other types of clinics are run by the type of specialist associated with that type: physical therapy clinics by physiotherapists and psychology clinics by clinical psychologists, and so on for each health profession. (This can even hold true for certain services outside the medical field: for example, legal clinics are run by lawyers.)

    Some clinics are operated in-house by employers, government organizations, or hospitals, and some clinical services are outsourced to private corporations which specialize in providing health services. In China, for example, owners of such clinics do not have formal medical education. There were 659,596 village clinics in China in 2011.[5]

    Health care in India, China, Russia and Africa is provided to those regions' vast rural areas by mobile health clinics or roadside dispensaries, some of which integrate traditional medicine. In India these traditional clinics provide ayurvedic medicine and unani herbal medical practice. In each of these countries, traditional medicine tends to be a hereditary practice.

    Function

    [edit]
    Policlinic in Karl-Marx-Stadt, German Democratic Republic

    The function of clinics differs from country to country. For instance, a local general practice run by a single general practitioner provides primary health care and is usually run as a for-profit business by the owner, whereas a government-run specialist clinic may provide subsidized or specialized[dubiousdiscuss] health care.

    Some clinics serve as a place for people with injuries or illnesses to be seen by a triage nurse or other health worker. In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be serious enough to require a visit to an emergency room (ER), but the person can be transferred to one if needed.

    Treatment at these clinics is often less expensive than it would be at a casualty department. Also, unlike an ER these clinics are often not open on a 24/7/365 basis. They sometimes have access to diagnostic equipment such as X-ray machines, especially if the clinic is part of a larger facility. Doctors at such clinics can often refer patients to specialists if the need arises.[6]

    Large outpatient clinics

    [edit]
    Children Policlinic in Novokosino District of Moscow

    Large outpatient clinics vary in size, but can be as large as hospitals.

    Function

    [edit]

    Typical large outpatient clinics house general medical practitioners (GPs) such as doctors and nurses to provide ambulatory care and some acute care services but lack the major surgical and pre- and post-operative care facilities commonly associated with hospitals.

    Policlinic in Vilnius-Karoliniškės, Lithuania

    Besides GPs, if a clinic is a polyclinic, it can house outpatient departments of some medical specialties, such as gynecology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, neurology, pulmonology, cardiology, and endocrinology. In some university cities, polyclinics contain outpatient departments for the entire teaching hospital in one building.

    Internationally

    [edit]
    Policlinic in Písek, Czech Republic

    Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine;[7] and in many countries across Asia and Africa.[8]

    In Europe, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe, bigger outpatient health centers, commonly in cities and towns, are called policlinics (derived from the word polis, not from poly-).

    Recent[when?] Russian governments have attempted to replace the policlinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. However, this has failed.[9]

    In the Czech Republic, many policlinics were privatized or leasehold and decentralized in the post-communist era: some of them are just lessors and coordinators of a healthcare provided by private doctor's offices in the policlinic building.[10]

    India has also set up huge numbers of polyclinics for former defense personnel. The network envisages 426 polyclinics in 343 districts of the country which will benefit about 33 lakh (3.3 million) ex-servicemen residing in remote and far-flung areas.[11]

    Policlinics are also the backbone of Cuba's primary care system and have been credited with a role in improving that nation's health indicators.[12]

    Mobile clinics

    [edit]
    Hinduja National Hospital's mobile clinic
    A mobile health clinic operated from a truck

    Providing health services through mobile clinics provides accessible healthcare services to these remote areas that have yet to make their way in the politicized space. For example, mobile clinics have proved helpful in dealing with new settlement patterns in Costa Rica. Before foreign aid organizations or the state government became involved in healthcare, Costa Rica's people managed their own health maintenance and protection.[13] People relied on various socio-cultural adaptations and remedies to prevent illnesses, such as personal hygiene and settlement patterns.[13] When new settlements that sprang up along the coast became "artificial" communities, and due to lack of traditional home healing practices here, alternative methods such as mobile clinics had to be implemented in these communities for the protection and prevention of diseases.[13]

    A study done in rural Namibia revealed the health changes of orphans, vulnerable children and non-vulnerable children (OVC) visiting a mobile clinic where health facilities are far from the remote villages.[14] Over 6 months, information on immunization status, diagnosis of anemia, skin and intestinal disorders, nutrition, dental disorders was collected and showed that visits to mobile clinics improved the overall health of children that visited regularly. It concluded that specified "planning of these programs in areas with similarly identified barriers may help correct the health disparities among Namibian OVC and could be a first step in improving child morbidity and mortality in difficult-to-reach rural areas."[14]

    A mobile clinic run from a pickup truck in Yemen

    Food supplementation in the context of routine mobile clinic visits also shows to have improved the nutritional status of children, and it needs further exploration as a way to reduce childhood malnutrition in resource-scarce areas. A cross-sectional study focussed on comparing acute and chronic undernutrition rates prior to and after a food-supplementation program as an adjunct to routine health care for children of migrant workers residing in rural communities in the Dominican Republic.[15] Rates of chronic undernutrition decreased from 33% to 18% after the initiation of the food-supplementation program and shows that the community members attending the mobile clinics are not just passively receiving the information but are incorporating it and helping keep their children nourished.[15]

    Types

    [edit]
    Storefront clinic in Manhattan

    There are many different types of clinics providing outpatient services. Such clinics may be public (government-funded) or private medical practices.

    • A CLSC are in Quebec; they are a type of free clinic funded by the provincial government; they provide service not covered by Canada's healthcare plan including social workers
    • In the United States, a free clinic provides free or low-cost healthcare for those with little or without insurance.
    • A retail-based clinic is housed in supermarkets and similar retail outlets providing walk-in health care, which may be staffed by nurse practitioners.
    • A general out-patient clinic offers general diagnoses or treatments without an overnight stay.
    • A polyclinic or policlinic provides a range of healthcare services (including diagnostics) without need of an overnight stay
    • A specialist clinic provides advanced diagnostic or treatment services for specific diseases or parts of the body. This type contrasts with general out-patient clinics.

    See also

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ κλινικός in A Greek–English Lexicon. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
    2. ^ clinicus in A Latin Dictionary. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
    3. ^ Partridge, Eric. Origins: A short etymological dictionary of modern English. Book Club Associates, 1966.
    4. ^ Clinic, Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
    5. ^ "Statistical Communiqué on the 2011 National Economic and Social Development". stats.gov.cn. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
    6. ^ "Clinic search engine tools to find the right Clinic". 123 clinic. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
    7. ^ NLH – Health Management – Policlinics. Retrieved 3 July 2008.[permanent dead link]
    8. ^ Google
    9. ^ Ershova I, Rider O, Gorelov V (December 2007). "Policlinics in London". Lancet. 370 (9603): 1890–1. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61793-0. PMID 18068500. S2CID 43512994.
    10. ^ David Rath: Trnitá cesta privatizace českého zdravotnictví, Hospodářské noviny, 10 September 1996
    11. ^ "199 Additional Polyclinics For Ex-Servicemen". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 May 2010.
    12. ^ Cuba's primary health care revolution: 30 years on, Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    13. ^ a b c Morgan, Lynn M. (February 1993). Community Participation in Health: The Politics of Primary Care in Costa Rica. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511558092. ISBN 978-0-521-41898-0. Retrieved 8 May 2020. cite book: |website= ignored (help)
    14. ^ a b Aneni, Ehimen; De Beer, Ingrid H.; Hanson, Laura; Rijnen, Bas; Brenan, Alana T.; Feeley, Frank G. (2013). "Mobile primary healthcare services and health outcomes of children in rural Namibia". Rural and Remote Health. 13 (3): 2380. ISSN 1445-6354. PMID 24016257.
    15. ^ a b Parikh, Kavita; Marein-Efron, Gabriela; Huang, Shirley; O'Hare, Geraldine; Finalle, Rodney; Shah, Samir S. (September 2010). "Nutritional Status of Children after a Food-Supplementation Program Integrated with Routine Health Care through Mobile Clinics in Migrant Communities in the Dominican Republic". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 83 (3): 559–564. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0485. ISSN 0002-9637. PMC 2929051. PMID 20810820.

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