Botox Rejuvenation New Westminster

Botox Rejuvenation New Westminster

Cosmetic injections

We don't just stop at facial rejuvenation.

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Through client testimonials and our striking before and after gallery, the evidence of our commitment to excellence speaks for itself. We're proud to display these real-life examples, as they not only demonstrate our expertise but also help potential clients visualize the potential outcomes of their own treatments. Learn more about Manhas Health Co. here. Learn more about Botox Rejuvenation New Westminster here Once we've established a treatment plan tailored just for you, we'll schedule your first session. Instead, we start with a thorough consultation to understand what you're hoping to achieve with Botox, whether it's reducing fine lines, smoothing out wrinkles, or achieving a more youthful appearance.
Whether you're looking to smooth out fine lines, reduce wrinkles, or simply seeking a fresher, more youthful appearance, our team of experts is here to guide you every step of the way. These stories aren't just about the aesthetic improvements; they're about the newfound confidence and joy our clients experience. It's a powerful thing to witness someone walk taller, smile more, and engage more openly with others because they feel good about their appearance. Choosing Botox at Manhas Health Co. means opting for a smoother, more refreshed look with a team committed to your care and satisfaction.
We understand that every person's beauty goals are unique, and we're committed to helping them achieve those goals with personalized care plans. Botox risks and benefits Our Botox procedures typically take only about 15 to 30 minutes from start to finish. Let us guide you through what makes Manhas Health Co. the trusted choice for your cosmetic needs, and why booking your appointment with us could be the first step towards embracing a more confident, radiant you. Our experienced professionals use precise techniques to ensure that each treatment is tailored to meet the unique needs of our clients, maximizing the longevity of the results.
While discussing the benefits of Botox, it's crucial to address the safety and potential side effects associated with the treatment.

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Opting for Botox is a personal decision, one that comes with its fair share of questions and considerations.

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It's normal to experience slight redness or swelling in the treated areas, but these symptoms usually subside quickly.

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Together, we'll unlock the door to a radiant future where you feel empowered to shine in every aspect of your life.

This ensures we're on the same page and can tailor the treatment to your specific needs. Embracing Botox as a preventative measure can be a smart part of a comprehensive skincare regimen. Our clients' happiness is our top priority, and we're thrilled to see such positive feedback. Cosmetic injections At Manhas Health Co., we're committed to ensuring that your cosmetic Botox experience not only meets but also exceeds your expectations.

To schedule your personalized Botox consultation, simply reach out to our clinic's reception. In our quest for eternal youth, Manhas Health Co. has gently paved the way for those seeking to soften the hands of time in Botox Rejuvenation New Westminster through their expert cosmetic Botox solutions. If you have any questions or need to reschedule, don't hesitate to reach out.

Our practitioners are highly trained and experienced, focusing on precise application to maximize benefits while minimizing side effects. By choosing Manhas Health Co for your Botox treatments, you're not just getting a service; you're receiving a customized care plan designed with your unique beauty in mind.

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Our consultation process begins with a personalized assessment to understand your unique cosmetic goals and health history.

This means you're always getting the best, most innovative care available. It's a reminder that the magic of Botox isn't just in the visible results but in the renewed confidence it instills. With our personalized consultation process, we ensure that each treatment plan is tailored to meet the unique needs and goals of our clients.

Botox Treatments in New Westminster

Entity Name Description Source
Botulinum toxin Description for Botulinum toxin Source
Skeletal muscle Description for Skeletal muscle Source
Eyelid Description for Eyelid Source
Eye drop Description for Eye drop Source
Injectable filler Description for Injectable filler Source
Marionette lines Description for Marionette lines Source
Lip Description for Lip Source
Dermatology Description for Dermatology Source
Mohs surgery Description for Mohs surgery Source
Skin cancer Description for Skin cancer Source
Varicose veins Description for Varicose veins Source
Melanocytic nevus Description for Melanocytic nevus Source
Collagen induction therapy Description for Collagen induction therapy Source
Platelet-rich plasma Description for Platelet-rich plasma Source
Pattern hair loss Description for Pattern hair loss Source
Skin care Description for Skin care Source
New Westminster Description for New Westminster Source
British Columbia Description for British Columbia Source
Rhinoplasty Description for Rhinoplasty Source
Masseter muscle Description for Masseter muscle Source
Submental triangle Description for Submental triangle Source
Hair loss Description for Hair loss Source
Scalp Description for Scalp Source
Hair follicle Description for Hair follicle Source
Hyperhidrosis Description for Hyperhidrosis Source
Restylane Description for Restylane Source
Physiology Description for Physiology Source

Botox New Westminster

It is located on the banks of the Fraser River as it turns southwest towards its estuary, on the southwest side of the Burrard Peninsula, and roughly at the centre of the Greater Vancouver region.

Botox New Westminster


Cosmetic Botox New Westminster

Nearby Tourist Attractions

Surrey Nature Centre

Tourist attraction, Community center, Park
Surrey Nature Centre, 14225 Green Timbers Way, Surrey, BC V3T 0J2
Environmentally focused facility with nature trails, an arboretum & student educational programs.

Old Orchard Park

Tourist attraction, Recreation center, Park
Old Orchard Park, 630 Alderside Rd, Port Moody, BC V3H 3A5

Cates Park

Tourist attraction, Public beach, Park
Cates Park, 4141 Dollarton Hwy, North Vancouver, BC V7G 1A1
Seaside trails with totem poles alongside tennis courts, playgrounds & a picnic area.

Surrey's Big Canadian Flag

Guildford
Tourist attraction
Surrey's Big Canadian Flag, 15250 104 Ave A, Surrey, BC V3R 6N8

Nanaksar Gurdwara Gursikh Temple

Tourist attraction, Gurudwara
Nanaksar Gurdwara Gursikh Temple, 18691 Westminster Hwy, Richmond, BC V6V 1B1

Citations and other links

Botox for Eyebrow Lift Botox Rejuvenation New Westminster

After receiving Botox treatments at Manhas Health Co., it's crucial to follow a tailored skincare regimen to ensure optimal results and skin health. These results can last anywhere from three to six months, depending on individual factors like metabolism and the area treated. We've made the process as simple and hassle-free as possible, ensuring you're on your way to a fresher, more youthful look without any stress. Choosing Manhas Health Co means opting for excellence, care, and unmatched professionalism. Non-surgical Botox treatments

It blocks the nerve signals to the muscles where it's injected, preventing them from contracting, which in turn reduces the appearance of wrinkles. We've invested in cutting-edge technology to deliver results that not only meet but exceed your expectations. One client mentioned, 'I never thought I'd feel this good about my reflection again.

You'll need to provide some basic information such as your name, contact number, and any specific concerns or areas you'd like to focus on during your Botox treatment. After the treatment, we recommend avoiding touching or rubbing the treated areas for at least 24 hours. In an age where youth is often mistakenly bottled, sold, and hawked at every street corner, we're thrilled to introduce a genuinely promising solution to those pesky signs of aging: cosmetic Botox services, now available at Manhas Health Co. in Botox Rejuvenation New Westminster.

Browsing through the gallery, you'll notice the precision in our work, the natural-looking results, and the attention to detail that sets us apart. We're here to help you look and feel your best, with a team that's second to none. They're not just about the treatments but ensuring you're comfortable and informed throughout the process.” Botox consultation process We're here to support our clients, not just aesthetically, but by providing a caring and professional environment.

Botox for wrinkle prevention
Botox for Eyebrow Lift Botox Rejuvenation New Westminster
Botox for Younger-Looking Skin Botox Rejuvenation New Westminster

Botox for Younger-Looking Skin Botox Rejuvenation New Westminster

We start by conducting a detailed consultation, where we listen to your desires and assess your facial anatomy. We start by examining your skin and discussing your aesthetic goals. This ensures that we can tailor our Botox treatments to fit your unique needs perfectly. We've seen firsthand how this mechanism can smooth out fine lines and give our clients a more youthful look.

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We've also heard worries about the discomfort associated with Botox injections.

Whether it's crow's feet, forehead lines, or frown lines that bother you, we've got the expertise to address those concerns. To fully appreciate the benefits and nuances of cosmetic Botox, it's crucial to delve into its mechanism and applications. Trust us to enhance your natural beauty with Botox strategies designed just for you. When considering Botox treatments, it's crucial to understand their safety profile and effectiveness, ensuring you're making a well-informed decision.

We're committed to educating our clients on how Botox can offer more than just cosmetic improvements. We've also heard, “I was skeptical about getting Botox, but seeing the natural-looking results, I'm so glad I did. Remember, we're here to answer any questions and address concerns, ensuring your experience with Botox at Manhas Health Co. is both beneficial and safe. We offer competitive pricing without compromising on quality or safety, making it easier for you to invest in yourself.

Your safety and satisfaction are our top priorities. Having prepared for your Botox session, it's crucial to focus on the aftercare to ensure the best possible results. At Manhas Health Co., we've seen firsthand how this treatment can boost confidence and provide a refreshed, more youthful appearance. I look like me, but refreshed.

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We understand the importance of looking and feeling your best. However, it's also important to us that we're transparent about the process. We understand that our clients lead busy lives, and finding time for cosmetic treatments can sometimes be challenging. While we're thrilled to share client success stories, we also understand the importance of addressing the concerns some may have about Botox treatments.
Firstly, our team consists of highly trained professionals who specialize in cosmetic Botox procedures. One client shared, 'Before Botox, I constantly looked tired, no matter how rested I was. Without this signal, the muscle doesn't receive the message to contract, leading to a reduction in the appearance of wrinkles.

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First off, we avoid touching or massaging the treated areas for at least 24 hours. Wrinkles, fine lines, and other age indicators seem to fade, giving the skin a smoother, more youthful appearance. Choosing Manhas Health Co. means choosing a partner who's invested in your beauty and well-being. Read more about Botox Rejuvenation New Westminster here
We're here to assure you that safety is our top priority. Choosing Manhas Health Co. Botox consultation means opting for a tailored approach to beauty, where each consultation is meticulously designed to align with personal aspirations and safety considerations. We'll explore these questions, providing insights into how we can help you achieve a fresher, more vibrant look without sacrificing your natural beauty.

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Botox for Facial Contouring Botox Rejuvenation New Westminster
Botox for Facial Contouring Botox Rejuvenation New Westminster

We'll walk you through every step of the process, explaining the measures we take to ensure your safety and answering any questions you may have. Our approach to safety isn't a one-size-fits-all; it's as unique as you are. Cosmetic Botox, a popular non-surgical procedure, temporarily relaxes facial muscles to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines.

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As we navigate through the nuances of cosmetic Botox, it's crucial to understand not only the vast variety of benefits these treatments offer but also how they can be customized to cater to your unique skin concerns.

At Manhas Health Co, we prioritize your safety and satisfaction above everything else. Our team continually evaluates the latest techniques and products to ensure that your personalized plan is as effective and safe as possible. I look like myself, just more vibrant.

Why choose Manhas Health Co., you might ask? Minimal downtime Botox We understand the allure of turning back the clock on aging and the importance of doing so with precision and care.

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Unlike some cosmetic procedures that require frequent touch-ups, Botox provides a more enduring solution to wrinkles and fine lines, allowing our clients to enjoy their youthful appearance for months at a time.

The science behind Botox is as fascinating as the results it delivers. This helps prevent spreading the Botox to unintended muscles. Botox follow-up care I didn't think such a quick procedure could make me feel so refreshed and youthful.” This kind of testimonial is exactly what we aim for - real results that you can see and feel.

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Many share stories of newfound confidence and joy in their appearance, praising not just the results but the care and professionalism they encountered at Manhas Health Co. We understand that each individual's skin is unique, which is why we tailor our Botox treatments to match your specific needs. These activities can increase blood flow to the face and potentially dilute the Botox, affecting its effectiveness. This treatment works by temporarily paralyzing the muscles that contribute to wrinkles, such as crow's feet, forehead lines, and frown lines, resulting in a smoother, more youthful appearance. But why choose Manhas Health Co.

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for your Botox needs, and what can you really expect from this popular treatment?
Booking your appointment at Manhas Health Co. is the first step. We'll work with you to create a maintenance plan that suits your lifestyle and keeps you looking your best. It's also the perfect time to discuss your medical history and any potential impacts on your treatment plan. We've gathered impactful testimonials from clients who've seen incredible transformations through our Cosmetic Botox services.
However, like any medical procedure, it carries some risks and potential side effects. You can reach out to us through our website, via email, or by giving us a call. At Manhas Health Co., we believe that a one-size-fits-all approach doesn't work when it comes to your wellness and aesthetics. Botox for migraines We also stay updated with the latest industry standards and safety protocols.
Embarking on the Botox treatment journey at Manhas Health Co., we'll first schedule an in-depth consultation to discuss your goals and examine your skin. That's why we don't just offer a one-size-fits-all approach. We're excited for you to see the difference Manhas Health Co. can make in your life. We'll remind you to skip any activities that involve heavy sweating, like high-intensity workouts or visits to saunas, for the first 24 to 48 hours.

Learn more about Botox Rejuvenation New Westminster here
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Wrinkles on the face and hands are a typical sign of aging

A wrinkle, also known as a rhytid, is a fold, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface, such as on skin or fabric. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of ageing processes such as glycation,[1] habitual sleeping positions,[2] loss of body mass, sun damage,[3] or temporarily, as the result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors.[4] In humans, it can also be prevented to some degree by avoiding excessive solar exposure and through diet (in particular through consumption of carotenoids, tocopherols and flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, D and E), essential omega-3-fatty acids, certain proteins and lactobacilli).[5]

Skin

[edit]

Causes for aging wrinkles

[edit]
A woman of European origin with facial wrinkles

Development of facial wrinkles is a kind of fibrosis of the skin. Misrepair-accumulation aging theory suggests that wrinkles develop from incorrect repairs of injured elastic fibers and collagen fibers.[6][7][8] Repeated extensions and compressions of the skin cause repeated injuries of extracellular fibers in derma. During the repairing process, some of the broken elastic fibers and collagen fibers are not regenerated and restored but replaced by altered fibers. When an elastic fiber is broken in an extended state, it may be replaced by a "long" collagen fiber. Accumulation of "long" collagen fibers makes part of the skin looser and stiffer, and as a consequence, a big fold of skin appears. When a "long" collagen is broken in a compressed state, it may be replaced by a "short" collagen fiber. The "shorter" collagen fibers will restrict the extension of "longer" fibers, and make the “long" fibers in a folding state permanently. A small fold, namely a permanent wrinkle, then appears.

Sleep wrinkles

[edit]

Sleep wrinkles are created and reinforced when the face is compressed against a pillow or bed surface in side or stomach sleeping positions during sleep.[9] They appear in predictable locations due to the underlying superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and are usually distinct from wrinkles of facial expression.[10] As with wrinkles of facial expression, sleep wrinkles can deepen and become permanent over time, unless the habitual sleeping positions which cause the wrinkles are altered.[11]

Water-immersion wrinkling

[edit]
A wrinkled finger after a warm bath

The wrinkles that occur in skin over prolonged exposure to water are sometimes referred to as pruney fingers or water aging. This is a temporary skin condition where the skin on the palms of the hand or feet becomes wrinkly. This wrinkling response may have imparted an evolutionary benefit by providing improved traction in wet conditions,[12] and a better grasp of wet objects.[13] These results were called into question by a 2014 study that failed to reproduce any improvement of handling wet objects with wrinkled fingertips.[14] However, a 2020 study of gripping efficiency found that wrinkles decreased the force required to grip wet objects by 20%, supporting the traction hypothesis.[15]

Prior to a 1935 study, the common explanation was based on water absorption in the keratin-laden epithelial skin when immersed in water,[16] causing the skin to expand and resulting in a larger surface area, forcing it to wrinkle. Usually the tips of the fingers and toes are the first to wrinkle because of a thicker layer of keratin and an absence of hairs which secrete the protective oil called sebum.

Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling

In the 1935 study, however, Lewis and Pickering were studying patients with palsy of the median nerve when they discovered that skin wrinkling did not occur in the areas of the patients' skin normally innervated by the damaged nerve. This suggested that the nervous system plays an essential role in wrinkling, so the phenomenon could not be entirely explained simply by water absorption. Recent research shows that wrinkling is related to vasoconstriction.[17][18] Water probably initiates the wrinkling process by altering the balance of electrolytes in the skin as it diffuses into the hands and soles via their many sweat ducts. This could alter the stability of the membranes of the many neurons that synapse on the many blood vessels underneath skin, causing them to fire more rapidly. Increased neuronal firing causes blood vessels to constrict, decreasing the amount of fluid underneath the skin. This decrease in fluid would cause a decrease in tension, causing the skin to become wrinkly.[19]

This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the hands for 30 minutes in water or EMLA cream with measurements steps of 5 minutes, and counting the number of visible wrinkles in time. Not all healthy persons have finger wrinkling after immersion, so it would be safe to say that sympathetic function is preserved if finger wrinkling after immersion in water is observed, but if the fingers emerge smooth it cannot be assumed that there is a lesion to the autonomic supply or to the peripheral nerves of the hand.[20]

Other animals with wrinkles

[edit]

Examples of wrinkles can be found in various animal species that grow loose, excess skin, particularly when they are young. Several breeds of dog, such as the Pug and the Shar Pei, have been bred to exaggerate this trait. In dogs bred for fighting, this is the result of selection for loose skin, which confers a protective advantage.[21]

Techniques for reducing the appearance of aging wrinkles

[edit]
A man receiving a botox injection

Current evidence suggests that tretinoin decreases cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, although the exact mode of action is unknown. Additionally, tretinoin stimulates mitotic activity and increased turnover of follicular epithelial cells.[22] Tretinoin is better known by the brand name Retin-A.

Topical glycosaminoglycans supplements can help to provide temporary restoration of enzyme balance to slow or prevent matrix breakdown and consequent onset of wrinkle formation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are produced by the body to maintain structural integrity in tissues and to maintain fluid balance. Hyaluronic acid is a type of GAG that promotes collagen synthesis, repair, and hydration. GAGs serve as a natural moisturizer and lubricant between epidermal cells to inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Dermal fillers are injectable products frequently used to correct wrinkles, and other depressions in the skin. They are often a kind of soft tissue designed to enable injection into the skin for purposes of improving the appearance. The most common products are based on hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite.

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is a specific form of botulinum toxin manufactured by Allergan for both therapeutic and cosmetic use. Besides its cosmetic application, Botox is used in the treatment of other conditions including migraine headache and cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) (a neuromuscular disorder involving the head and neck).[23]

Dysport, manufactured by Ipsen, received FDA approval and is now used to treat cervical dystonia as well as glabellar lines in adults. In 2010, another form of botulinum toxin, one free of complexing proteins, became available to Americans. Xeomin received FDA approval for medical indications in 2010 and cosmetic indications in 2011.

Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of all wrinkles; it is indicated for the treatment of glabellar lines (between the eyebrows) in adults. Any other usage is not approved by the FDA and is considered off-label use.

Laser resurfacing is FDA-cleared skin resurfacing procedure in which lasers are used to improve the condition of the skin.[citation needed] Two types of lasers are used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the face; laser ablation, which removes thin layers of skin, and nonablative lasers that stimulate collagen production. Nonablative lasers are less effective than ablative ones but they are less invasive and recovery time is short. After the procedure people experience temporary redness, itching and swelling.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Danby, FW (Jul–Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation". Clin Dermatol. 4. 28 (4): 409–411. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.018. PMID 20620757.
  2. ^ American Academy of Dermatology. "Causes of Aging". AgingSkinNet. American Academy of Dermatology. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  3. ^ Cosmetic Procedures for Wrinkles
  4. ^ Anderson, Laurence. 2006. Looking Good, the Australian guide to skin care, cosmetic medicine and cosmetic surgery. AMPCo. Sydney. ISBN 0-85557-044-X.
  5. ^ Schagen, S. K.; Zampeli, V. A.; Makrantonaki, E.; Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). "Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging". Dermato-Endocrinology. 4 (3): 298–307. doi:10.4161/derm.22876. PMC 3583891. PMID 23467449.
  6. ^ Wang, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas; Wunderlin, Arne; Mahadeva, Ravi (2009). "Aging as a consequence of Misrepair—a novel theory of aging". arXiv:0904.0575 [q-bio.TO].
  7. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Aging as a process of accumulation of Misrepairs". arXiv:1503.07163 [q-bio.TO].
  8. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Tissue fibrosis: a principal evidence for the central role of Misrepairs in aging". arXiv:1505.01376 [q-bio.TO].
  9. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  10. ^ Fulton, James E.; Gaminchi, F. (1999). "Sleep Lines". Dermatol Surg. 25 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08073.x. PMID 9935097.
  11. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247 [246]. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  12. ^ Mark Changizi; Romann Weber; Ritesh Kotecha; Joseph Palazzo (2011). "Are Wet-Induced Wrinkled Fingers Primate Rain Treads?". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 77 (4): 286–90. doi:10.1159/000328223. PMID 21701145.
  13. ^ Kareklas, Kyriacos; Nettle, Daniel; Smulders, Tom V (January 9, 2013). "Water-induced finger wrinkles improve handling of wet objects". Biol. Lett. 9 (2): 20120999. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0999. PMC 3639753. PMID 23302867.
  14. ^ Haseleu, Julia; Omerbašić, Damir; Frenzel, Henning; Gross, Manfred; Lewin, Gary R. (2014). Goldreich, Daniel (ed.). "Water-Induced Finger Wrinkles Do Not Affect Touch Acuity or Dexterity in Handling Wet Objects". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e84949. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...984949H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084949. PMC 3885627. PMID 24416318.
  15. ^ Davis, N. (8 November 2020). "Water-immersion finger-wrinkling improves grip efficiency in handling wet objects". bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.11.07.372631.
  16. ^ "Dr Karl's Homework – Skin Wrinkles in Water (26/1/2000)". Abc.net.au. 2000-01-26. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
  17. ^ Einar P.V. Wilder-Smith; Adeline Chow (2003). "Water-immersion wrinkeling is due to vasoconstriction". Muscle & Nerve. 27 (3): 307–311. doi:10.1002/mus.10323. PMID 12635117. S2CID 45193684.
  18. ^ Einar P. V. Wilder-Smith (2004). "Water immersion wrinkling". Clinical Autonomic Research. 14 (2): 125–131. doi:10.1007/s10286-004-0172-4. PMID 15095056. S2CID 44938772.
  19. ^ H. Zhai, K.P. Whilem H. L. Maibach (2007). Dermatotoxicology. pp. 280–281.
  20. ^ G Alvarez, J Eurolo; P Canales (1980). "Finger wrinkling after immersion in water". British Medical Journal. 281 (6240): 586–587. doi:10.1136/bmj.281.6240.586-a. PMC 1713922. PMID 7427379.
  21. ^ The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide. Penguin. 15 August 2023. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-7440-8513-6.
  22. ^ Stefanaki C, Stratigos A, Katsambas A (June 2005). "Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging". J Cosmet Dermatol. 4 (2): 130–4. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2005.40215.x. PMID 17166212. S2CID 44702740.
  23. ^ Brin MF, Lew MF, Adler CH, Comella CL, Factor SA, Jankovic J, O'Brien C, Murray JJ, Wallace JD, Willmer-Hulme A, Koller M (1999). "Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 (7): 1431–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.53.7.1431. PMID 10534247.
[edit]

Military Policlinic in Legionowo, Poland

A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients. Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays.

Most commonly, the English word clinic refers to a general practice, run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean a specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school.

Etymology

[edit]
The entrance to a surgery clinic in Greenwich, London

The word clinic derives from Ancient Greek κλίνειν klinein meaning to slope, lean or recline. Hence κλίνη klinē is a couch or bed and κλινικός klinikos is a physician who visits his patients in their beds.[1] In Latin, this became clīnicus.[2][3]

An early use of the word clinic was "one who receives baptism on a sick bed".[4]

Overview

[edit]
A medpunkt (health care access point) delivers primary health care to the residents of the village of Veliki Vrag, Russia.

Clinics are often associated with a general medical practice run by one or several general practitioners. Other types of clinics are run by the type of specialist associated with that type: physical therapy clinics by physiotherapists and psychology clinics by clinical psychologists, and so on for each health profession. (This can even hold true for certain services outside the medical field: for example, legal clinics are run by lawyers.)

Some clinics are operated in-house by employers, government organizations, or hospitals, and some clinical services are outsourced to private corporations which specialize in providing health services. In China, for example, owners of such clinics do not have formal medical education. There were 659,596 village clinics in China in 2011.[5]

Health care in India, China, Russia and Africa is provided to those regions' vast rural areas by mobile health clinics or roadside dispensaries, some of which integrate traditional medicine. In India these traditional clinics provide ayurvedic medicine and unani herbal medical practice. In each of these countries, traditional medicine tends to be a hereditary practice.

Function

[edit]
Policlinic in Karl-Marx-Stadt, German Democratic Republic

The function of clinics differs from country to country. For instance, a local general practice run by a single general practitioner provides primary health care and is usually run as a for-profit business by the owner, whereas a government-run specialist clinic may provide subsidized or specialized[dubiousdiscuss] health care.

Some clinics serve as a place for people with injuries or illnesses to be seen by a triage nurse or other health worker. In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be serious enough to require a visit to an emergency room (ER), but the person can be transferred to one if needed.

Treatment at these clinics is often less expensive than it would be at a casualty department. Also, unlike an ER these clinics are often not open on a 24/7/365 basis. They sometimes have access to diagnostic equipment such as X-ray machines, especially if the clinic is part of a larger facility. Doctors at such clinics can often refer patients to specialists if the need arises.[6]

Large outpatient clinics

[edit]
Children Policlinic in Novokosino District of Moscow

Large outpatient clinics vary in size, but can be as large as hospitals.

Function

[edit]

Typical large outpatient clinics house general medical practitioners (GPs) such as doctors and nurses to provide ambulatory care and some acute care services but lack the major surgical and pre- and post-operative care facilities commonly associated with hospitals.

Policlinic in Vilnius-Karoliniškės, Lithuania

Besides GPs, if a clinic is a polyclinic, it can house outpatient departments of some medical specialties, such as gynecology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, neurology, pulmonology, cardiology, and endocrinology. In some university cities, polyclinics contain outpatient departments for the entire teaching hospital in one building.

Internationally

[edit]
Policlinic in Písek, Czech Republic

Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine;[7] and in many countries across Asia and Africa.[8]

In Europe, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe, bigger outpatient health centers, commonly in cities and towns, are called policlinics (derived from the word polis, not from poly-).

Recent[when?] Russian governments have attempted to replace the policlinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. However, this has failed.[9]

In the Czech Republic, many policlinics were privatized or leasehold and decentralized in the post-communist era: some of them are just lessors and coordinators of a healthcare provided by private doctor's offices in the policlinic building.[10]

India has also set up huge numbers of polyclinics for former defense personnel. The network envisages 426 polyclinics in 343 districts of the country which will benefit about 33 lakh (3.3 million) ex-servicemen residing in remote and far-flung areas.[11]

Policlinics are also the backbone of Cuba's primary care system and have been credited with a role in improving that nation's health indicators.[12]

Mobile clinics

[edit]
Hinduja National Hospital's mobile clinic
A mobile health clinic operated from a truck

Providing health services through mobile clinics provides accessible healthcare services to these remote areas that have yet to make their way in the politicized space. For example, mobile clinics have proved helpful in dealing with new settlement patterns in Costa Rica. Before foreign aid organizations or the state government became involved in healthcare, Costa Rica's people managed their own health maintenance and protection.[13] People relied on various socio-cultural adaptations and remedies to prevent illnesses, such as personal hygiene and settlement patterns.[13] When new settlements that sprang up along the coast became "artificial" communities, and due to lack of traditional home healing practices here, alternative methods such as mobile clinics had to be implemented in these communities for the protection and prevention of diseases.[13]

A study done in rural Namibia revealed the health changes of orphans, vulnerable children and non-vulnerable children (OVC) visiting a mobile clinic where health facilities are far from the remote villages.[14] Over 6 months, information on immunization status, diagnosis of anemia, skin and intestinal disorders, nutrition, dental disorders was collected and showed that visits to mobile clinics improved the overall health of children that visited regularly. It concluded that specified "planning of these programs in areas with similarly identified barriers may help correct the health disparities among Namibian OVC and could be a first step in improving child morbidity and mortality in difficult-to-reach rural areas."[14]

A mobile clinic run from a pickup truck in Yemen

Food supplementation in the context of routine mobile clinic visits also shows to have improved the nutritional status of children, and it needs further exploration as a way to reduce childhood malnutrition in resource-scarce areas. A cross-sectional study focussed on comparing acute and chronic undernutrition rates prior to and after a food-supplementation program as an adjunct to routine health care for children of migrant workers residing in rural communities in the Dominican Republic.[15] Rates of chronic undernutrition decreased from 33% to 18% after the initiation of the food-supplementation program and shows that the community members attending the mobile clinics are not just passively receiving the information but are incorporating it and helping keep their children nourished.[15]

Types

[edit]
Storefront clinic in Manhattan

There are many different types of clinics providing outpatient services. Such clinics may be public (government-funded) or private medical practices.

  • A CLSC are in Quebec; they are a type of free clinic funded by the provincial government; they provide service not covered by Canada's healthcare plan including social workers
  • In the United States, a free clinic provides free or low-cost healthcare for those with little or without insurance.
  • A retail-based clinic is housed in supermarkets and similar retail outlets providing walk-in health care, which may be staffed by nurse practitioners.
  • A general out-patient clinic offers general diagnoses or treatments without an overnight stay.
  • A polyclinic or policlinic provides a range of healthcare services (including diagnostics) without need of an overnight stay
  • A specialist clinic provides advanced diagnostic or treatment services for specific diseases or parts of the body. This type contrasts with general out-patient clinics.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ κλινικός in A Greek–English Lexicon. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  2. ^ clinicus in A Latin Dictionary. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  3. ^ Partridge, Eric. Origins: A short etymological dictionary of modern English. Book Club Associates, 1966.
  4. ^ Clinic, Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
  5. ^ "Statistical Communiqué on the 2011 National Economic and Social Development". stats.gov.cn. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  6. ^ "Clinic search engine tools to find the right Clinic". 123 clinic. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  7. ^ NLH – Health Management – Policlinics. Retrieved 3 July 2008.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ Google
  9. ^ Ershova I, Rider O, Gorelov V (December 2007). "Policlinics in London". Lancet. 370 (9603): 1890–1. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61793-0. PMID 18068500. S2CID 43512994.
  10. ^ David Rath: Trnitá cesta privatizace českého zdravotnictví, Hospodářské noviny, 10 September 1996
  11. ^ "199 Additional Polyclinics For Ex-Servicemen". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 May 2010.
  12. ^ Cuba's primary health care revolution: 30 years on, Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  13. ^ a b c Morgan, Lynn M. (February 1993). Community Participation in Health: The Politics of Primary Care in Costa Rica. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511558092. ISBN 978-0-521-41898-0. Retrieved 8 May 2020. cite book: |website= ignored (help)
  14. ^ a b Aneni, Ehimen; De Beer, Ingrid H.; Hanson, Laura; Rijnen, Bas; Brenan, Alana T.; Feeley, Frank G. (2013). "Mobile primary healthcare services and health outcomes of children in rural Namibia". Rural and Remote Health. 13 (3): 2380. ISSN 1445-6354. PMID 24016257.
  15. ^ a b Parikh, Kavita; Marein-Efron, Gabriela; Huang, Shirley; O'Hare, Geraldine; Finalle, Rodney; Shah, Samir S. (September 2010). "Nutritional Status of Children after a Food-Supplementation Program Integrated with Routine Health Care through Mobile Clinics in Migrant Communities in the Dominican Republic". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 83 (3): 559–564. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0485. ISSN 0002-9637. PMC 2929051. PMID 20810820.

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